Selected Publications

1. Kunzmann, A. (2004) Corals, Fishermen and Tourists. Naga 27(1-2): 15-19 pp.
   
   abstract:
   Two major anthropogenic activites that disturb coral reefs are fishing and tourism, even though coral reefs are important for both fishing and tourism. Already more than 60 per cent of all reefs worldwide are endangered. The use of explosives and posion by small-scale fishers, to supply the market for live fish for aquariums and for human consumption, cause irreversible damages to reefs. Similarly, rapid and unmanaged coastal development for marine tourism negatively affects coral reefs in many ways. Though marine parks and marine protected areas are being promoted all over the world, developing countries deed assistance in establishing and assessing such reserves and for taking appropriate actions for rehabilitation of reefs. These can be accomplished through partnership projects.
   
   download: AG-NAGAno1-2.pdf
   
   
2. Kunzmann, A. (2002) On the way to management of West Sumatras coastal ecosystems. Naga 25(1): 4-10 pp.
   
   abstract:
   Various impacts on the coast of the Indonesian province of West Sumatra are presented together with activities and achievements to address them, e.g. public awareness, public relations and capacity building, including the establishment of a marine protected area.
   
   download: AK-NAGA25no1.pdf
   
   
3. Schmidt, C.; Kunzmann, A. (2005) Post-harvest mortality in the marine aquarium trade, a case study at an Indonesian export facility. Live Reef Information Bulletin 13: 3-12 pp.
   
   abstract:
   The use of destructive harvesting methods, the collection of unsuitable species, poor handling and husbandry practices, and the potential for overexploitation have raised concerns about the marine aquarium trade over the last decade (Barber and Pratt 1997; Johannes and Riepen 1995; Jones 1997; Sadovy 2002; Wood 2001). Most of these concerns are directly or indirectly related to high post-harvest mortality. The reduction of post-harvest mortality therefore plays a central role in the management of the trade. Because tropical fish are transported great distances to overseas destinations, and because many people are involved in their processing, there are a number of possible causes of post-harvest mortality. The reasons may be summarised as follows:...
   
   download: CS-AK-LRFT0105.pdf
   
   
4. Zimmermann, C.; Kunzmann, A. (2001) Baseline respiration and spontaneous activity of sluggish marine tropical fishes of the family Scorpaenidae. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 219: 229-239 pp.
   
   abstract:
   Baseline respiration and spontaneous activity were determined simultaneously for 6 speciements of tropical scorpionfishes, belonging to 2 different genera: Scorpaenopsis oxycephalus and S. diabolus (false stonefish) and Parascorpaena sp. and P. aurita. The experiments were conducted in an intermittend-flow respiromenter at 24 Grad C., at ambient light regime (12 h dark: 12 h light) and salinity (S=32). Permanent measurements of fish activity by an infrared video system (number of movements) and oxygen consumption were coupled allowing the calculation of a standard oxygen consumption (SOC) rate. The experimental set-up allowed quantification of spontaneous activity. Relative SOC values varied between 32.3 mg O2h-1 kg-1 wet mass (wm) for a large S. oxycephalus (82 g WM) and 68.9 mg O2h-1 kg-1 WM for the smallest investigated specimen, a P. aurita (16 mg WM). The latter also showed the highest spontaneous activity rate (mean 98 movements h-1; max.: 870 h-1), while the values for the most sluggish individual did not exceed 24.6 h-1 (mean) and 480 h-1 (max.), respectively. Absolute SOC for a standard mass of 50 g was caldulated to be 2.0 mg O2 h-1, using a wet mass versus oxygen consumption relationship of SOC (mg O2 h-1) = 0.26 x WM(g)0.527. The tropical scorpionfish investigated are some of the most sluggish fish found on coral reefs, with activity levels (means and variance) similar to that boreal of polar scorpaenids (e.g. sculpins). In this respect, there was no indication for any specific adaption to temperature. Baseline oxygen consumption values of the fish in this study were the lowest recorded for marine tropical species, and a first rough comparison of the resting metabolism of sporpaenid fish over a wide range of environmental temperature might indicate a reduced thermal sensitivity of the tropical fish investigated.
   
   download: AK-MEPSno219.pdf

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